-A Blog By Shehryar Zeeshan
Dear audience in this Blog you will read about:
The overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE)
The inventions and discoveries of Abbasids
When did the Abbassids rule start, how they expanded the empire and when was their reign ended?
The main fields on which Abbasids prospered.
And achievements of Abbasids
After Hazrat Muhammad's death (PBUH) and a short period of control by the Rashidin Caliphs, the Umayyad Dynasty seized power. The Umayyad Caliphate, based in Damascus, Syria, experienced internal tensions and opposition, in part because they clearly preferred Arab Muslims over non-Arab Muslims. In 750 CE, Arab Abu al-Abbas used this vulnerability to launch a revolt. With the help of his supporters, he defeated the Umayyad soldiers in a great battle and established the Abbasid Dynasty.
The Abbasid Revolution, was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE), the second of the four major Caliphates in early Islamic history. the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517 CE). Come to power three decades after the death of the Muslim prophet Muhammad and immediately after the Rashidun Caliphate, the Umayyads were an Arab empire ruling over a population that was overwhelmingly non-Arab. Non-Arabs were treated as second-class citizens regardless of whether or not they converted to Islam, and this discontent cutting across faiths and ethnicities ultimately led to the Umayyads' overthrow. The Abbasid family claimed to have descended from al-Abbas, an uncle of the Prophet. The revolution essentially marked the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of a more inclusive, multiethnic state in the Middle East.
The Abbasids Centralized the government and made Bedard their capital. They diversified their governance. This was the Golden Age of Islam. There were advances in mathematics, science, navigation, alchemy, astronomy, arts and architecture. During this time algebra, algorithms and such Words were invented. Learning centres and hospitals
were also constructed.
The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th-century literature about Islamic history, The centrality of scripture and its study in the Islamic tradition helped to make education a central pillar of the religion in virtually all times and places in history of Islam. The importance of learning in the Islamic tradition is reflected in a number of hadiths attributed to Muhammad, including one that instructs the faithful to "seek knowledge, even in China". This injunction was seen to apply particularly to scholars, but also to some extent to the wider Muslim public, as exemplified by the dictum of al-Zarnuji, "learning is prescribed for us all".
Islamic civilization experienced a golden age under the Abbasid Dynasty. Under the Abbasids, Islamic culture became a blending of Arab, Persian, Egyptian, Indian and European traditions. The result was an era of stunning intellectual and cultural achievements.
What is the golden age of Islam? The golden age of Islam reminds us of the period between the 8th and 14th centuries. The golden age of Islam was the era of progress. Cultural, scientific and economic progress was at its peak and the age gave the world brilliant ideas that became the foundation stones for the next development in all these fields.
The Abbasid army surrounded Abd al-Rahman in a fortress in Carmona, in modern-day Spain. Abd al-Rahman knew that there was no way out so he handpicked some 700 of his men. and lit up a fire and ordered his men to throw their scabbards into the fire. He told his men that he would rather die fighting than die of hunger so, he open the gates and attacked the unsuspecting Abbasid army. The Abbasid army was taken by surprise and Abd al-Rahman actually managed to defeat them. He cut off the heads of all the leaders of the army, preserved them in salt and sent them to al-Mansur, who was on a pilgrimage to Mecca at the time when he received those heads. There were even tags attached to the ears of each head to identify it, Later al-Mansur said this about abdul Rehman:
Islamic civilization experienced a golden age under the Abbasid Dynasty. Under the Abbasids, Islamic culture became a blending of Arab, Persian, Egyptian, Indian and European traditions. The result was an era of stunning intellectual and cultural achievements.
The Abbasid revolution was the first major military-political upheaval in the Muslim world, which resulted in the destruction of one dynasty and its replacement by another. The lessons from that revolution are as valid today as they were in the year 750. Civilizations decay from within.
Al-Mansur died in 775CE, his son Al-Mahdi took over the empire. During his reign, Baghdad became a metropolitan city. It attracted immigrants from all over the world. These immigrants brought with them, their cultures, religions and ideas. One of the most important ideas was Paper. See, the Chinese actually invented paper, but it wasn’t used anywhere else till the Muslims met the Chinese in the battle of the Talas river. Muslims conquered some previously Chinese areas and took the paper from them. Eventually, paper became so important that Baghdad had a whole street dedicated to nothing but paper. All these factors combined made the perfect breeding ground for an intellectual revolution. This was the birth of the Islamic Golden Age.
The House of Wisdom, also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, refers to a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual centre in Baghdad and:
This is a list of notable people related to the House of Wisdom.
• Abu Maʿshar (786–886)—leading Persian astrologist in the Abbasid court who translated the works of Aristotle
• Averroes (1126–1198)—born in Islamic Iberia (modern-day Spain), he was a Muslim philosopher who was famous for his commentary on Aristotle
• Avicenna (980–1037)—Persian philosopher and physician famous for writing The Canon of Medicine, the prevailing medical text in the Islamic World and Europe until the 19th century
• Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)—Persian theologian who was the author of The Incoherence of the Philosophers, which challenged the philosophers who favoured Aristotelianism
• Muhammad al-Idrisi (1099–1169)—Arab geographer who worked under Roger II of Sicily and contributed to the Map of the World
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (d. 850)—Persian polymath head of the House of Wisdom
• Al-Kindi (d. 873)—considered to be the among the first Arab philosophers, he combined the ideology of Aristotle and Plato
• Maslama al-Majriti (950–1007)—Arab mathematician and astronomer who translated Greek texts
amazing